Farnsworth 100 Hue Test Instructions                                                    View Shopping Cart

Introduction

The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test examines hue discrimination ability and is intended for use in vocational and diagnostic applications. The Farnsworth 100-hue test has been shown to be useful in classifying those with normal color vision into above-average, average and poor hue discrimination. Research studies have recommended that practitioners administer a battery of color vision tests to identify people with color vision defects rather than rely exclusively on the Farnsworth 100-hue test. However, the Farnsworth 100 Hue test remains the most comprehensive color vision test.

The test result is based on a total error score. The product kit includes the Richmond Products CD with Farnsworth 100 Hue MS-Excel Template for Scoring. Using this template with MS-Excel on a Windows PC, the patient's arrangement of the 100 Hue discs is entered and errors are scored. The software then graphs the score. Hue discrimination ability is estimated from the total error score and the type of color deficiency is determined from the graphical representation of the results. Characteristic 100 Hue plots for congenital protan, deutan and tritan defects show concentrations of errors in well-defined positions nearly opposite in the polar diagram representing the circle of hues.

Results can be graphed using other methods, which are described in various scholastic research papers referenced below.

Contents

93 colored discs arranged in four rows (numbered on the bottom)

Four (4) Plexiglas® Cases (with tops)

Plexiglas® Tray to hold the Four Cases

Finger Tip Cots in small bag

Farnsworth F100 Test Instructions

100 Hue Score Sheet (laminated)

Farnsworth 100 Hue MS-Excel Template for Scoring Software on CD

The four cases include the following color discs:

Case 1 = 24 discs

84 85 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Case 2 = 23 discs

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Case 3 = 23 discs

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Case 4 = 23 discs

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

Note: The first two discs of each case are duplicated from the previous case.

Storage

The Farnsworth 100 Hue test should be stored in a cool dry place. Since exposure to light will affect the color discs, the set should be kept wrapped in the shipping container or other enclosure to protect from light.

Precautions

Each color disc is mounted without any protection of the color sample to insure correlation to other color tests. Consequently, it is very important to insure that no one touches the color sample to avoid the damage of fingerprints. This is the reason that it is very important that the examiner and the patient wear some sort of protection of the fingertips. The Finger Cots are furnished for this purpose. 

Individual color discs that become dis-colored or smudged can be replaced as needed. See the section entitled 'Replacement Parts' below.

Test Environment Lighting

The test is intended to be administered on a black background to prevent surroundings from affecting the color perception by the patient. Further, it is very important to administer these tests under consistent conditions so that

each subsequent retest over time can be judged properly. The illumination should provide approximately 6700ºKelvin at 25 foot-candles or greater (Illuminant C) or daylight. The Daylight Illuminator  provides acceptable illumination.

Pre-test Considerations

The examiner must determine if the test will be accomplished using binocular vision or separately for each eye. Past history of trauma, disease or potential toxicity are acquired defects that warrant monocular testing. Testing for congenital color defects is usually accomplished binocularly because monocular variations of congenital defects are rare.

The score sheet should be marked according to whether the test was monocular or binocular. The examiner should also determine the approximate amount of time the patient will be permitted for the test. Children over the age of 5 often can perform the test adequately.

For patients with limited dexterity, the procedure indicated where each color disc selection is placed in the

Plexiglas® box may be altered with the patient requested to give each selection to the examiner for 'line-up' on the table. It is important that the patient be able to view the 'line-up' as it builds for review.

The Farnsworth F100 Hue test is not effected by mild to moderate visual acuity loss. The test is engineered to be conducted at a working distance of 19.5 inches (50 cm).  

For low vision patients, an abbreviated test, the Magnetic Farnsworth For  Pediatric Exams, with color discs that are increase by almost three times in size, is available from Richmond Products

Testing Procedure

The test procedure that follows is to be used in conjunction with the Richmond Products CD with Farnsworth 100 Hue MS-Excel Template for Scoring. If using this scoring method one duplicated disc from each case must be re- moved. From Case 1 remove number 22, Case 2 remove number 43, Case 3 remove number 64 and Case 4

Remove number 85. Save these removed discs as other scoring methods my require use of these duplicated discs.

Remove the sliding top to one of the Plexiglas® Cases, tip one end of the case and carefully slide all of the color discs onto a black surface. The examiner then selects the first reference disc (# 84 in Case 1) and places the disc into the appropriate Plexiglas® Case to the end. The examiner then mixes up the remaining discs(color side up) before beginning the test. The patient is then instructed to select the color disc from those remaining which most closely matches the reference cap and slide it into the Plexiglas® Case next to the reference cap.

The patient then continues to select the next closest color disc and places each in sequence in the Plexiglas® Case. The patient should be given a reasonable time to arrange the discs and may be permitted to alter the sequence prior to completion. However, the time should be about 2 minutes per case and should not be unlimited.

At the completion of the test for Case 1, the examiner should slide the lid into place to secure the test discs.

The test is then repeated for each of the other three cases. The last disc of each case is repeated in the next to be used as the reference disc (Farnsworth F100 Hue Tests;  For Congenital and Acquired Color Vision Defects - Color Discs, developed in the 1940's; MS-Excel Scoring Template) and is not scored.

Scoring

Scoring for each case is accomplished by reading the color chip numbers on the reverse side of the case through the clear Plexiglas® bottom and recording the sequence selected by the patient on a copy of the score sheet. Attachment 1 shows a reduced sample of the Richmond Farnsworth 100 Hue Score Sheet.

Note: The last disc of each case is repeated as one of the reference discs in the next case, but is not rescored.

To determine a score and obtain a graphic representation of the outcomes, you may choose to use the CD with Farnsworth 100 Hue MS-Excel Template for Scoring which is enclosed. To use this software, the actual disc sequence selected by the patient is then entered in the sheet entitled 'Enter Data Here' per the instructions below.

This CD also contains an MS-Word file which is a copy of these Farnsworth F100 Test Instructions. It also includes an MS-Excel file which is a copy of the Farnsworth 100 Hue scoring card.

As an alternative, GretagMacbethÔ LLC Munsell Division publishes another software program entitled Stand Alone Scoring Software for Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Test (Richmond P/N 4442). This Program provides an alternate method of scoring and interpreting the results to the Richmond MS-Excel Scoring Software Template. This software is also available from Richmond Products as P/N 4442. This stand alone WindowsÔ based Software provides a convenient way to score and interpret the results. It differs from Richmond's Farnsworth 100 Hue MS-Excel Template for Scoring Software in that the GretagMacbeth Program does not require MS-Excel.

This stand-alone software Pkg provides scoring capability for the patient's selections. The examiner inputs the scores by simply dragging and dropping simulated on-screen color discs in the order placed by the patient. Graphics plot and analysis of data are made automatically by the software. A Central database lets you easily track each patient's color acuity while establishing a benchmark for re-testing. Color printouts are provided for ISO training record retention. Comprehensive online help covers everything from using the software to interpreting results. A glossary of common vision anomalies is included.

Note: Price subject to change without notice.

The Farnsworth 100 MS-Excel Scoring CD is used to build an analysis of the scores for each patient.

The following detailed instructions are applicable to the use of Windows 98 along with MS-Excel 97.   Later versions of Windows and MS Office are similar but are not covered here:

Note: For these computer instructions, the conventions used are as follows:

'Click' means momentary depressing the left mouse button (unless the right button is specified).

Buttons are shown with single quote marks such as 'Start'.

Insert the CD in the CD drive (typically the 'D' drive). Right click on the 'Start' button. From the pop-up menu of choices, left click on the application called 'Explore'.

Using the slide bar, locate your main drive (typically the 'C' drive) and click on 'C' to highlight that drive. Now click on 'File', then click on 'New', then move right and click on 'Folder'. In the highlighted box, type the name of the new folder where you will store the template. A suggested name might be "Farnsworth100ScoringTemplate". Hit the 'Enter' key when finished.

Using the slide bar, locate the CD drive (typically the 'D' drive) and click on the file on the CD entitled "MS-Excel Scoring Template'. Then click on 'copy'. Using the slide bar, locate your main hard drive (typically the 'C' drive) and the folder where you have decided to store the template (suggested name to be "Farnsworth100ScoringTemplate"). Click on Paste.

Remove the CD and store away.

Click on "Start" then "Programs" then "Excel" to open the Excel application. Click on 'File', then 'Open', then use the dialog box and slide bar to locate the folder you created entitled "Farnsworth100ScoringTemplate". Double click on the file entitled "Farnsworth100ScoringTemplate".

From the 'Explore' application, create a folder with the patient's name (such as DoeJohn02).

From Excel, go to 'File', then 'Save as' then use the dialog box to find the patient's folder. In the 'Save as' dialog box, change the 'Save as type' to "Microsoft Excel Workbook".

Note: Changing the file type to 'Microsoft Excel Workbook' is a very important step to insure that the patients results are uniquely saved under that patient's name.

Complete the 'Save as' process giving the file the name of the patient and date (or whatever convention you have chosen. For example, use "DoeJohn092102" as the file name in the folder entitled "DoeJohn02").

Back in the Excel application, click on the cell with the words "Enter Name Here" and type over this entry the actual name of the patient. Repeat this for the cells entitled "Enter Date of Exam" and "Enter Tester's Name".

Now, from the handwritten score sheet or the actual cases, enter the 'Actual Disc' selection by the patient in the appropriate cell (likely cell C8). Enter the other selections in the column titled 'Actual Disc'.

Note: From the beginning, the column titled "Error Score" will have entries. As the Actual Disc selections are entered, Excel will automatically calculate the correct "Error Score" and place that result in the proper column.

At the completion of the patient's selection entries, go to 'File', and then 'Save' to insure that the entries have been archived.

Across the bottom of the Excel window, click on the tab entitled 'Patient Report'. Review for Patients name and other pertinent data, then print. This page shows the Patient's name, test data, disc selections, line by line calculated scores and the total score.

Now, across the bottom of the Excel window, click on the tab entitled 'Print Chart'. Review for Patients name and other pertinent data, then print. This page shows the patient's name, and a graphic charting of the patient's scores with the Protan, Deutan and Tritan lines pre-marked.

Interpretation of Results:

Interpretation of the error scores and graphic charting of the patient's scores is left to the physician. The appendix provides a list of textbooks and other materials, which can be used to develop a method of interpretation.

Retesting:

As opposed to the D-15 test, which is a much shorter test to administer, retesting with the Farnsworth 100-hue test in the same session often yields somewhat different scores and is not deemed reliable.

Interpretation of Scores:

Consultation of a textbook on this subject is suggested.

Replacement and Optional Parts

Replacement Color Discs  $34.00

(Specify Farnsworth 100 Hue Case number and disc number)

Laminated Farnsworth 100 Hue scoring card (8 ½" x 11" or 22cm x 28cm)   $10.00

F100 Hue References:

1. Aspinall, P A (1974) Inter-eye comparison and the 100 hue test. Acta Ophthalmologica, 52, 307-16.

2. Birch, J (1993) Diagnosis of Defective Colour Vision. Oxford Medical Publications

3. Dain, S J and Birch, J (1987) An averaging method for the interpretation of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test. British Journal of Physiological Optics, 7, 3, 267-80.

4. Farnsworth, D (1943) The Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue and dichotomous tests for colour vision Journal Ophthalmology Society American 33:568-78.

5. Farnsworth D, An Introduction to the Principles of Color Deficiency" Report No 254, Medical Research Laboratory, 8 Sept 1954.

6. Fukami, K. Evaluation of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology 30:27-31, 1976

7. Greenstein V, Sarter B, Noble K, and Carr R. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Vol. 31, 1008-1014. Hue discrimination and S cone pathway sensitivity in early diabetic retinopathy.

8. Hahn C, Evaluation of Hahn Double 15 Hue Test Poster Session 10^th Japan-Korea Joint Meeting of Ophthalmology 9/21-23/2000

9. Helve, J. A comparative study of several diagnostic tests of colour vision used for measuring types and degrees of congenital red-green defects. Acta Ophthalmology Supplement. 115:18, 1972

10. Hyvarinen L. Quantitative Color Vision Test V-16 Manual Available from http://lea-test.fi

11. Malone D, and Hannay H J. "The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test: A Question of Norms," Auburn University "Perception and Motor Skills," 1977, 44, 1249-1250

12. Nickerson D, Granville W. "Hue Sensibility to Dominant Wave-length Change," Journal Opt. Soc Am 30, 159 (1940)

13. Smith VC, Pokorny J. Large-field trichromacy in protanopes and deuteranopes Journal Opt Soc Am 1977; 67:213-220.

14. Tasman W, Jaeger E.A. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology, Vol 3, Chapter 6, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000

15. Verriest G, van Laethem J, Uvijel A. A new assessment of the normal ranges of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test scores American Journal of Ophthalmology 1982; 93:635-642

16. Vingrys AJ and King-Smith PE Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Vol. 29, 50-53 'A quantitative scoring technique for panel tests of color vision'.

17. McIntyre, Donald Colour Blindness - Causes and Effects Dalton Publishing, 2002

Plaquenil Testing References:

1. Bernstein HN. Ophthalmic considerations and testing patients receiving long-term antimalarial therapy. AM J Med 1983;75(18):25-34

2. Muirden KD. The use of chloroquine and D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Aus 1986;144(1)32-7.

3. Cullen AP, Chou BR. Keratopathy with low dose chloroquine therapy. J Am Optom Assoc 1986;5(5):368-72

4. Meischer PA. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Springer Sem Immunopathol 1986;9:271-82

5. Bartlett JD, Jaanus SD. Ocular effects of systemic drugs. In: Bartlett JD, Jaanus SD, eds Clinical Ocular Pharmacology, 2^nd ed. Boston: Butterworths, 1989: 901-42

6. Finbloom DS, Silver K, Newsome DA, Gunkel R. Comparison of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine use and the development of retinal toxicity. J Rheumatol 1985;12(4):692-4

7. Johnson MW, Vine AK. Hydroxychloroquine therapy in massive total doses without retinal toxicity. 1987;140:139-44

8. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. 1987;29(734):21-4

9. Rynes RL. Ophthalmologic safety of long-term hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment. Am J Med 1983:75(18):35-8

10. Kastrup EK, et al., eds. Facts and Comparisons. St Louis. Lippincott, 1986:253e-g.

11. Bowman KJ. A method for quantitative scoring of the Farnsworth Panel D-15. Acta Ophthalmologica (Copenh) 1982;60:907-16

12. Bowman KJ, Collins MJ, Henry CJ. The effect of age on performance of the panel D-15 and desaturated D-15: a quantitative evaluation. In: Verriest G, ed. Colour Vision Deficiencies, VII. The Hague: Dr W Junk Publishers, 1984:227-31

13. Cyert L. Eye and Vision Conditions in the American Indian. Pueblo Publishing Goss and Edmonson 1990:137-147

Revision History:

Rev 1.2 Plaquenil references added

Rev 1.4 Clarified excess disks using Richmond Scoring Program and illuminator

Note: The last disc of each case is repeated in the next but is not scored.